National Aeronautics and Space Administration

REFEREED PUBLICATIONS - 2019

Andrews, L. C., 2019. Glaciology: Greenland’s Methane Released. Nature, 565, 31-32.doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-07762-7.Link to Published Version

Bechtold, M., G. J. M. De Lannoy, R. D. Koster, R. H. Reichle, S. Mahanama, W. Bleuten, M.A. Bourgault, C. Brümmer, I. Burdun, A. R. Desai, K. Devito, T. Grünwald, M. Grygoruk, E. R. Humphreys, J. Klatt, J. Kurbatova, A. Lohila, T. M. Munir, M.B. Nilsson, J. S. Price, M. Röhl, A. Schneider, and B. Tiemeyer, 2019. PEAT-CLSM: A specific treatment of peatland hydrology in the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model. J. Adv. Model. Earth Sys., 11, 2130-2162. doi: 10.1029/2018MS001574. Link to Published Version

Borovikov, A. Y., R. I. Cullather, R. M. Kovach, J. Marshak, G. Vernieres, Y.V. Vikhliaev, B. Zhao, and Z. Li, 2019. GEOS-5 seasonal forecast system. Clim. Dyn, 53, 7335-7361. doi: 10.1007/s00382-017-3835-2. Link to Published Version

Castellanos, P., and A. da Silva, 2019. A Neural Network Correction to the Scalar Approximation in Radiative Transfer. J. Atmos Ocean Tech, 36, 819-832. doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0003.1 . Link to Published Version

Castellanos, P., A. M. da Silva, A. S. Darmenov, V. Buchard, R. C. Govindaraju, P. Ciren, and S. Kondragunta, 2019. A Geostationary Instrument Simulator for Aerosol Observing System Simulation Experiments. Atmosphere, 10, 1, 2. doi: 10.3390/atmos10010002. Link to Published Version

Chang, K.-L., O. R. Cooper, J. J. West, M. L. Serre, M. G. Schultz, M. Lin, V. Marecal, B. Josse, M. Deushi, K. Sudo, J. Liu, and C. A. Keller, 2019. A new method (M3Fusion v1) for combining observations and multiple model output for an improved estimate of the global surface ozone distribution. Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 13, 955-978. doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-955-2019. Link to Published Version

Chang, Y., S. D. Schubert, R. D. Koster, A. M. Molod and H. Wang, 2019. Tendency Bias Correction in Coupled and Uncoupled Global Climate Models with a Focus. J. Climate, 32, 639-661. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0598.1. Link to Published Version

Charkovska, N., M. Halushchak, R. Bun, Z. Nahorski, T. Oda, M. Jonas, and P. Topylko, 2019. A high-definition spatially explicit inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial processes. Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 24, 6, 907-939. doi:10.1007/s11027-018-9836-6. Link to Published Version

Chattopadhyay, D., M. D. Bazilian, and M. Chattopdhyay, 2019. Climate Change Impacts on Power Systems. YaleGlobal Online, , . Abstract

Colliander, A., Z. Yang, R. Mueller, A. Sandborn, R. H. Reichle, W. Crow, D. Entekhabi, and S. Yueh, 2019. Consistency between NASS Surveyed Soil Moisture Conditions and SMAP Soil Moisture Observations. Water Resources Research, 55, 7682-7693. doi:10.1029/2018WR024475. Link to Published Version

Coy, L., R. Schoeberl, S. Pawson, S. Candido, and R. W. Carver, 2019. Global assimilation of Loon stratospheric balloon observations. J. Geophys. Res - Atmos., 124, 6, 3005-3019. doi: 10.1029/2018JD029673. Link to Published Version

Crow, W. T., F. Chen, R. H. Reichle, and Y. Xia, 2019. Diagnosing bias in modeled soil moisture/runoff coupling strength using the SMAP Level 4 soil moisture product. Water Resour. Res., 55, 7010-7026. doi:10.1029/2019WR025245. Link to Published Version

Dong, J., W. Crow, R. H. Reichle, Q. Liu, F. Lei, and M. H. Cosh, 2019. A global assessment of added value in the SMAP Level-4 soil moisture product relative to its baseline land surface model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 6604-6613. doi:10.1029/2019GL083398. Link to Published Version

Draper, C., and R. H. Reichle, 2019. Assimilation of satellite soil moisture for improved atmospheric reanalyses. Mon. Wea. Rev, 147, 2163-2188. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-18-0393.1. Link to Published Version

Girotto, M., R. H. Reichle, M. Rodell, Q. Liu, S. Mahanama, and G. J. M. De Lannoy, 2019. Multi-sensor Assimilation of SMOS Brightness Temperature and GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Observations for Soil Moisture and Shallow Groundwater Estimation. Remote Sens. Environ., 227, 12-27. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.001. Link to Published Version

Hackert, E., R. M. Kovach, A. J. Busalacchi, and J. Ballabrera-Poy, 2019. Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Coupled El Niño/Southern Oscillation Forecasts. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans, 124, 7, 4546-4556. doi: 10.1029/2019JC015130. Link to Published Version

Keller, C. A., and M. J. Evans, 2019. Application of random forest regression to the calculation of gas-phase chemistry within the GEOS-Chem chemistry model v10. Geosci. Model. Devel., 12, 1209-1225. doi: 10.5194/gmd-12-1209-2019. Link to Published Version

Kim, H., M.-I. Lee, D.-H. Cha, Y.-K. Lim, and W. M. Putman, 2019. Improved Representation of the Diurnal Variation of Warm Season Precipitation by an Atmospheric General Circulation Model in 10-km Horizontal Resolution. Clim. Dyn., 53, 11, 6523-6542. doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04943-6. Link to Published Version

Koster, R. D, S. D. Schubert, H. Wang, S. P. Mahanama, and A. M. DeAngelis, 2019. Flash Drought as Captured by Reanalysis Data: Disentangling the Contributions of Precipitation Deficit and Excess Evapotranspiration. J. Hydrometeorology, 20, 1241-1258. doi: 10.1175/JHM-D-18-0242.1. Link to Published Version

Koster, R. D., R. H. Reichle, S. D. Schubert, and S. P. Mahanama, 2019. Length Scales of Hydrological Variability as Inferred from SMAP Soil Moisture Retrievals. J. Hydrometeorol., 20, 2129-2146. doi:10.1175/JHM-D-19-0070.1. Link to Published Version

Li, F., M. Val Martin, S. Hantson, M. Andreae, A. Arneth, G. Lasslop, C. Yue, D. Bachelet, M. Forrest, J. Kaiser, E. Kluzek, X. Liu, J. Melton, D. Ward, A. Darmenov, T. Hickler, C. Ichoku, B. Magi, S. Sitch, G. van der Werf, and C. Wiedinmyer, 2019. Historical (1700–2012) Global Multi-model Estimates of the Fire Emissions from the Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP). Atmo. Chem. Phys., 19, 12545-12567. doi: 10.5194/acp-19-12545-2019. Link to Published Version

Lievens, H., M. Demuzere, H.-P. Marshall, R. H. Reichle, L. Brucker, I. Brangers, P. de Rosnay, M. Dumont, M. Girotto, W. W. Immerzeel, T. Jonas, E. J. Kim, I. Koch, C. Marty, T. Saloranta, J. Schober, and G. J. M. De Lannoy, 2019. Snow depth variability in the Northern Hemisphere mountains observed from space. Nature Comm., 10, 4629. 10.1038/s41467-019-12566-y. Link to Published Version

Lim, Y.-K., R. I. Cullather, S. M.J. Nowicki, and K.-M. Kim, 2019. Inter-relationship between subtropical Pacific sea surface temperature, Arctic sea ice concentration, and North Atlantic Oscillation in recent summers. Scientific Reports, 9, 14, 3481. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39896-7. Link to Published Version

Martin, C. R. , N. Zeng, A. Karion, K. Mueller, S. Ghosh, I. Lopez-Coto, K. R. Gurney, T. Oda, K. Prasad, Y. Liu, R. R. Dickerson, and J. Whetstone, 2019. Investigating Sources of Variability and Error in Simulations of Carbon Dioxide in an Urban Region. Atmos. Enviro., 199, 55-69. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.013. Link to Published Version

McGrath-Spangler, E., O. Reale, M. Ganeshan, W. McCarty, and R. Gelaro, 2019. Impact of Assimilating Adaptively Thinned AIRS Cloud-Cleared Radiances in the GEOS. JCSDA Quarterly, 65, 7-13. doi:10.25923/ttpr-1d55. Link to Published Version

Molod, A., H. Salmun, and A. B. Marquardt Collow, 2019. The Annual Cycle of Hourly Planetary Boundary Layer Heights estimated from NOAA Profiler Network Wind Profiler Data. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 124, 12, 6207-6221. doi: 10.1029/2018JD030102. Link to Published Version

Moore, A. M., M. J. Martin, S. Akella, H. G. Arango, M. Balmaseda, L. Bertino, S. Ciavatta, B. Cornuelle, J. Cummings, S. Frolov, P. Lermusiauz, P. Oddo, P. R. Oke, A. Storto, A. Teruzzi, A. Vidard, and A. T. Weaver, 2019. Synthesis of Ocean Observations Using Data Assimilation for Operational, Real-Time and Reanalysis Systems: A More Complete Picture of the State of the Ocean. Front. Marine Sci., 6, 90. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00090. Link to Published Version

Oaida, C. M., J. T. Reager, K. M. Andreadis, C. H. David, S. R. Levoe, T. H. Painter, K. J. Bormann, A. R. Trangsrud, M. Girotto, and J. S. Famiglietti, 2019. A high-resolution data assimilation framework for snow water equivalent estimation across the Western United States and validation with the Airborne Snow Observatory. J. Hydrometeorol, 20, 357-378. doi: 10.1175/JHM-D-18-0009.1. Link to Published Version

Penny, S. G., S. Akella, M. A. Balmaseda, P. Browne, J. A. Carton, C. Chapman, M. Chevallier, F. Counillon, C. M. Domingues, S. Frolov, P. Heimbach, P. Hogan, I. Hoteit, D. Iovino, P. Laloyaux, M. Martin, S. Masina, A. Moore, T. Moore, T. O'Kane, P. de Rosnay, P. Sandery, D. Schepers, B. Sloyan, A. Storto, A. Subramanian, S.H. Nam, F. Vitart, C. Yang, Y. Fujii, and H. Zuo, 2019. Observational Needs for improving Ocean and Coupled Reanalysis, S2S Prediction, and Decadal Prediction. Front. Marine Sci., 6, 1-18. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00391. Link to Published Version

Poinar, K., C. F. Dow and L. C. Andrews, 2019. Long-term maintenance of an active subglacial hydrologic system by Greenland firn aquifers. Geophys. Res. Letters, 46, 9, 4772-4781. doi: 10.1029/2019GL082786. Link to Published Version

Prive, N., and R. Errico, 2019. Uncertainty of observation impact estimation in an adjoint model investigated with an Observing System Simulation Experiment. Mon. Weather Rev., 147, 3191-3204. doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-19-0097.1. Link to Published Version

Pu, Z., C. Yu, V. Tallapragada, J. Jin, and W. McCarty, 2019. The Impact of Assimilation of GPM Microwave Imager Clear-Sky Radiance on Numerical Simulations of Hurricanes Joaquin (2015)and Matthew (2016) with the HWRF model. Mon. Weather Rev, 147, 175-198. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-17-0200.1. Link to Published Version

Quets, J., G. J. M. De Lannoy, A. Al Yaari, S. Chan, M. H. Cosh, A. Gruber, R. H. Reichle, R. Van der Schalie, and J.-P. Wigneron, 2019. Uncertainty in Soil Moisture Retrievals: an Ensemble Approach using SMOS L-Band Microwave Data. Remote Sens. Environ., 229, 133-147. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.05.008. Link to Published Version

Reichle, R. H., Q. Liu, R. d. Koster, W. T. Crow, G. J. M. De Lannoy, J. S. Kimball, J. V. Ardizzone, D.Bosch, A. Colliander, M. Cosh, J. Kolassa, S. P. Mahanama, H. McNairn, J. Prueger, P. Starks, and J. P. Walker, 2019. Version 4 of the SMAP Level-4 Soil Moisture Algorithm and Data Product. J. Adv. Model. Earth Sys., 11, 3106-3130. doi:10.1029/2019MS001729. Link to Published Version

Roca, R., L. V. Alexander, G. Potter, M. Bador, R. Juca, S. Contractor, M. G. Bosilovich, and S. Cloche, 2019. FROGs: a daily 1°x1° gridded precipitation database of rain gauge, satellite and reanalysis products. Earth Syst. Scie. Data, 11, 1017-1035. doi:10.5194/essd-2019-51. Link to Published Version

Satoh, M., B. Stevens, F. Judt, M. Khairoutdinov, S.-J. Lin, W. M. Putman, and P. Duben, 2019. Global Cloud-Resolving Models. Curr. Clim. Chan. Rep., , 1-13. doi:10.1007/s40641-019-00131-0. Link to Published Version

Schubert, S. D., Y. Chang, H. Wang, R. D. Koster, and A. M. Molod, 2019. A Systematic Approach to Assessing the Sources and Global Impacts of Errors in Climate Models. J. Climate, 32, 8301-8321. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0189.1. Link to Published Version

Schuh, A. E., A. R. Jacobson, S. Basu, B. Weir, D. Baker, K. Bowman, F. Chevallier, S. Crowell, K. J. Davis, F. Deng, S. Denning, L. Feng, D. Jones, J. Liu, and P. I. Palmer), 2019. Quantifying the Impact of Atmospheric Transport Uncertainty on CO2 Surface Flux Estimates. Global Biochem. Cycles, 33, 484-500. doi: 10.1029/2018GB006086. Link to Published Version

Seo, E., M.-I. Lee, D. Kim, Y.-K. Lim, S. D. Schubert, and K.-M. Kim, 2019. Interannual variation of tropical cyclones simulated by GEOS‐5 AGCM with modified convection scheme. Intern. J. Clim., 39, 10, 4041-4057. doi: 10.1002/joc.6058. Link to Published Version

Tao, J., R. D. Koster, R. H. Reichle, B. A. Forman, Y. Xue, R. H. Chen, and M. Moghaddam, 2019. Permafrost Variability over the Northern Hemisphere Based on the MERRA-2 Reanalysis. Cryo., 13, 2087-2110. doi:10.5194/tc-13-2087-2019. Link to Published Version

Velegar, M., N. B. Erichson, C. A. Keller, and J. N. Kutz, 2019. Scalable Diagnostics and Data Compression for Global Atmospheric Chemistry using Ristretto Library (version 1.0). Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1525-1539. doi:10.5194/gmd-12-1525-2019. Link to Published Version

Vinogradova, N., T. Lee, J. Boutin, K. Drushka, S. Fournier, R. Sabia, D. Stammer, E. Bayler, N. Reul, A. Gordon, O. Melnichenko, L. Li, E. Hackert, M. Martin, N. Kolodziejczyk, A. Hasson, S. Brown, S. Misra, and E. Lindstrom, 2019. Satellite Salinity Observing System: Recent Discoveries and the Way Forward. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 243. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00243. Link to Published Version

Wang, H., S. D. Schubert, R. D. Koster, and Y. Chang, 2019. Phase-locking of the Boreal Summer Atmospheric Response to Dry Land Surface Anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 32, 1081-1099. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0240.1. Link to Published Version

Wang, Y., P. Ciais, G. Broquet, F.-M. Breon, T. Oda, F. Lespinas, Y. Meijer, a. Leoscher, G. Janssens-Maenhout, B. Zheng, H. Xu, S. Tao, D. Santaren, and Y. Su, 2019. A global map of emission clumps for future monitoring of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from space. Earth Syst Sci Data, 11, 687-703. doi:10.5194/essd-11-687-2019. Link to Published Version

TECHNICAL MEMORANDA

Schubert, Siegfried, Anna Borovikov, Young-Kwon Lim, and Andrea Molod, 2019. Ensemble Generation Strategies Employed in the GMAO GEOS-S2S Forecast System. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2019-104606, Vol. 53, 75 pp. Document (5002 kB).

Reichle, Rolf H., Qing Liu, Randal D. Koster, Joseph V. Ardizzone, Andreas Colliander, Wade T. Crow, Gabrielle J. M. De Lannoy, and John S. Kimball, 2018. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Project Assessment Report for Version 4 of the L4_SM Data Product. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2018-104606, Vol. 52, 72 pp. Document (11805 kB).

Akella, Santha, and Max Suarez, 2018. The Atmosphere-Ocean Interface Layer of NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System Model and Data Assimilation System. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2018-104606, Vol. 51, 42 pp. Document (4892 kB).

Todling, Ricardo, and Amal El Akkraoui, 2018. The GMAO Hybrid Ensemble-Variational Atmospheric Data Assimilation System: Version 2.0. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2018-104606, Vol. 50, 184 pp. Document (5543 kB).

Kim, Jong, Santha Akella, Arlindo M. da Silva, Ricardo Todling, and William McCarty, 2018. Preliminary evaluation of influence of aerosols on the simulation of brightness temperature in the NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System Atmospheric Data Assimilation System. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2018-104606, Vol. 49, 44 pp. Document (5922 kB).

Errico, Ronald M., Nikki C. Privé, David Carvalho, Meta Sienkiewicz, Amal El Akkraoui, Jing Guo, Ricardo Todling, Will McCarty, William M. Putman, Arlindo da Silva, Ronald Gelaro, Isaac Moradi, 2017. Description of the GMAO OSSE for Weather Analysis Software Package: Version 3. NASA/TM-2017-104606, Vol. 48, 156 pp. Document (2473 kB).

Collow, Allison B. Marquardt, Sarith P. Mahanama, Michael G. Bosilovich, Randal D. Koster, and Siegfried D. Schubert, 2017. An Evaluation of Teleconnections Over the United States in an Ensemble of AMIP Simulations with the MERRA-2 Configuration of the GEOS Atmospheric Model. NASA/TM-2017-104606, Vol. 47, 68 pp. Document (5623 kB).

McCarty, Will, Lawrence Coy, Ronald Gelaro, Albert Huang, Dagmar Merkova, Edmond B. Smith, Meta Seinkiewicz, and Krzysztof Wargan, 2016. MERRA-2 Input Observations: Summary and Assessment. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2016-104606, Vol. 46, 61 pp. Document (3553 kB).

Randles, C. A., A. M. da Silva, V. Buchard, A. Darmenov, P. R. Colarco, V. Aquila, H. Bian, E. P. Nowottnick, X. Pan, A. Smirnov, H. Yu, and R. Govindaraju, 2016. The MERRA-2 Aerosol Assimilation. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2016-104606, Vol. 45, 143 pp. Document (91522 kB).

Akella, Santha, Ricardo Todling and Max Suarez, 2016. Estimation of the Ocean Skin Temperature using the NASA GEOS Atmospheric Data Assimilation System. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2016-104606, Vol. 44, 88 pp. Document (12742 kB).

Bosilovich, Michael G., Santha Akella, Lawrence Coy, Richard Cullather, Clara Draper, Ronald Gelaro, Robin Kovach, Qing Liu, Andrea Molod, Peter Norris, Krzysztof Wargan, Winston Chao, Rolf Reichle, Lawrence Takacs, Yury Vikhliaev, Steve Bloom, Allison Collow, Stacey Firth, Gordon Labow, Gary Partyka, Steven Pawson, Oreste Reale, Siegfried D. Schubert, and Max Suarez, 2015. MERRA-2: Initial Evaluation of the Climate. NASA/TM–2015–104606, Vol. 43, 139 pp. Document (20707 kB).

Kimball, John S., Lucas A. Jones,Joseph Glassy, E. Natasha Stavros, Nima Madani, Rolf H. Reichle, Thomas Jackson, and Andreas Colliander, 2015. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Project Calibration and Validation for the L4_C Beta-Release Data Product. NASA/TM–2015-104606, Vol. 42, 37 pp. Document (13765 kB).

Schubert, Siegfried, Will Pozzi, Kingtse Mo, Eric F. Wood, Kerstin Stahl, Mike Hayes, Juergen Vogt, Sonia Seneviratne, Ron Stewart, Roger Pulwarty, and Robert Stefanski, 2015. GDIS Workshop Report. NASA/TM–2015-104606, Vol. 41, 40 pp. Document (623 kB).

Reichle, Rolf H., Gabrielle J. M. De Lannoy, Qing Liu, Andreas Colliander, Austin Conaty, Thomas Jackson, John Kimball, and Randal D. Koster, 2015. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Project Assessment Report for the Beta-Release L4_SM Data Product. NASA/TM-2015-104606, Vol. 40. Document (5812 kB).

Mahanama, Sarith P., Randal D. Koster, Gregory K. Walker, Lawrence L. Takacs, Rolf H. Reichle, Gabrielle De Lannoy, Qing Liu, Bin Zhao, and Max J. Suarez, 2015. Land Boundary Conditions for the Goddard Earth Observing System Model Version 5 (GEOS-5) Climate Modeling System - Recent Updates and Data File Descriptions. NASA/TM–2015-104606, Vol. 39, 55 pp. Document (4608 kB).

Darmenov, Anton, and Arlindo da Silva, 2015. The Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED): Documentation of versions 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4. NASA/TM–2015–104606, Vol. 38. Document (68725 kB).

Takacs, Lawrence L., Max Suarez, and Ricardo Todling, 2015. Maintaining Atmospheric Mass and Water Balance Within Reanalysis. NASA/TM–2014-104606, Vol. 37. Document (3732 kB).

Gelaro, Ronald, William M. Putman, Steven Pawson, Clara Draper, Andrea Molod, Peter M. Norris, Lesley Ott, Nikki Privé, Oreste Reale, Deepthi Achuthavarier, Michael Bosilovich, Virginie Buchard, Winston Chao, Lawrence Coy, Richard Cullather, Arlindo da Silva, Anton Darmenov, Ronald M. Errico, Marangelly Fuentes, Min-Jeong Kim, Randal Koster, Will McCarty, Jyothi Nattala, Gary Partyka, Siegfried Schubert, Guillaume Vernieres, Yuri Vikhliaev, and Krzysztof Wargan, 2015. Evaluation of the 7-km GEOS-5 Nature Run. NASA/TM–2014-104606, Vol. 36. Document (88612 kB).

Reichle, R. H., and Q. Liu, 2014. Observation-Corrected Precipitation Estimates in GEOS-5. NASA/TM–2014-104606, Vol. 35. Document (495 kB).

Keppenne, C. L., M. M. Rienecker, R. M. Kovach, and G. Vernieres, 2014. Background error covariance estimation using information from a single model trajectory with application to ocean data assimilation into the GEOS-5 coupled model. NASA/TM-2014-104606, Vol. 34. Document (1941 kB).

Rousseaux, C. S., and W. W. Gregg, 2014. The effects of chlorophyll assimilation on carbon fluxes in a global biogeochemical model. NASA/TM-2014-104696, Vol. 33. Document (942 kB).

Provencal, S., P. Kishcha, E. Elhacham, A. M. da Silva, and P. Alpert, 2014. Estimates of AOD Trends (2002 – 2012) over the World’s Major Cities based on the MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis. NASA/TM-2014-104606, Vol. 32, 40 pp. Document (3247 kB).

Gregg, W. W., N. W. Casey, and C. S. Rousseaux, 2013. Global surface ocean carbon estimates in a model forced by MERRA. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA TM-2013-104606, Vol. 31, 39 pp. Document (1170 kB).

Vernieres, G., M. Rienecker, R. Kovach, and C. Keppenne, 2012. The GEOS-iODAS: Description and Evaluation. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA TM—2012-104606, Vol. 30, 61 pp. Document (13707 kB).

Rienecker, M.M., D. Dee, J. Woollen, G. P. Compo, K. Onogi, R. Gelaro, M. G. Bosilovich, A. da Silva, S. Pawson, S. Schubert, M. Suarez, D. Barker, H. Kamahori, R. Kistler, and S. Saha, 2012. Atmospheric Reanalyses—Recent Progress and Prospects for the Future. A Report from a Technical Workshop, April 2010. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA TM—2012-104606, Vol. 29, 56 pp. Document (9410 kB).

Molod, A., L. Takacs, M. Suarez, J. Bacmeister, I.-S. Song, and A. Eichmann, 2012. The GEOS-5 Atmospheric General Circulation Model: Mean Climate and Development from MERRA to Fortuna. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA TM—2012-104606, Vol. 28, 117 pp. Document (11776 kB).

Rienecker, M.M., M. J. Suarez, R. Todling, J. Bacmeister, L. Takacs, H.-C. Liu, W. Gu, M. Sienkiewicz, R. D. Koster, R. Gelaro, I. Stajner, and J. E. Nielsen, 2008. The GEOS-5 Data Assimilation System - Documentation of Versions 5.0.1, 5.1.0, and 5.2.0. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, Vol. 27, 1-118 pp. Document (11978 kB).

Bloom, S., A. da Silva, D. Dee, M. Bosilovich, J.-D. Chern, S. Pawson, S. Schubert, M. Sienkiewicz, I. Stajner, W.-W. Tan, M.-L. Wu, 2005. Documentation and Validation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Data Assimilation System - Version 4. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 26, 1-187 pp. Document (18124 kB).

Waliser, D., S. Schubert, A. Kumar, K. Weickmann, and R. Dole, 2003. Modeling, Simulation, and Forecasting of Subseasonal Variability. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA/TM-2016-104606, Vol. 25, 70 pp. Document (12998 kB).

Rienecker, M., A. Troccoli, C. Keppenne, G. Johnson, 2003. Temperature Data Assimilation with Salinity Corrections: Validation for the NSIPP Ocean Data Assimilation System in the Tropical Pacific Ocean, 1993-1998. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 24, 1-39 pp. Document (3077 kB).

Schubert, S., R. Dole, H. van den Dool, M. Suarez, D. Waliser, 2002. Prospects for Improved Forecasts of Weather and Short-Term Climate Variability on Subseasonal (2-Week to 2-Month) Time Scales. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 23, 1-163 pp. Document (11999 kB).

Gregg, W.W., 2002. A Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Radiative Model for Global Ocean Biogeochemical Models. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 22, 1-31 pp. Document (2513 kB).

Keppene, C. L., and M. Rienecker, 2001. Design and Implementation of a Parallel Multivariate Ensemble Kalman Filter for the Poseidon Ocean General Circulation Model. NASA Technical Memorandum 104606, Vol. 21. Document (2725 kB).

Chang, Y., S. D. Schubert, S. J. Lin, S. Nebuda, B.-W. Shen, 2001. The Climate of the FVCCM-3 Model. Technical Report Series on Global and Data Assimilation, Vol. 20. Document (8273 kB).

Chou, M.-D., M. Suarez, X.-Z. Liang, M. M.-H. Yan, 2001. A Thermal Infrared Radiation Parameterization for Atmospheric Studies. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 19. Document (1954 kB).

Pegion, P. J., S. D. Schubert, M. Suarez, 2000. An Assessment of the Predictability of Northern Winter Seasonal Means with the NSIPP 1 AGCM. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 18. Document (8353 kB).

Bacmeister, J., S. D. Schubert, M. Suarez, P. J. Pegion, 2000. Atlas of Seasonal Means Simulated by the NSIPP 1 Atmospheric GCM. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 17. Document (8943 kB).

Takacs, L., W. Sawyer, M. J. Suarez, and M. S. Fox-Rabinowitz, 1999. Filtering Techniques on a Stretched Grid General Circulation Model. NASA Technical Memorandum 104606, Vol. 16. Document (3192 kB).

Chou, M.-D., and M. Suarez, 1999. A Solar Radiation Parameterization for Atmospheric Studies. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 15. Document (1880 kB).

Bosilovich, M. G., and S. D. Schubert, 1998. A Comparison of GEOS Assimilated Data with FIFE Observations. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 14. Document (2969 kB).

Min, W., and S. Schubert, 1997. Interannual Variability and Potential Predictability in Reanalysis Products. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 13. Document (16062 kB).

Chang, A., and L. Chiu, 1997. Comparison of Satellite Global Rainfall Algorithms. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 12. Document (305 kB).

Yang, W., I. M. Navon, R. Todling, 1997. Documentation of the Tangent and Adjoint Models of the Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert Moisture Parameterization Package of the NASA GEOS-1 GCM. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 11. Document (331 kB).

Takacs, L., and M. Suarez, 1996. Dynamical Aspects of Climate Simulations Using the GEOS General Circulation Model. NASA Technical Memorandum 104606, Vol. 10. Document (3578 kB).

Koster, R. D., and M. J. Suarez, 1996. Energy and Water Balance Calculations in the Mosaic LSM. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 9. Document (2528 kB).

Yang, W., and I. M. Navon, 1995. Documentation of the Tangent Linear Model and Its Adjoint of the Adiabatic Version of the NASA GEOS-1 C-Grid GCM (Version 5.2). Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 8. Document (363 kB).

Schubert, S. D., and R. Rood, 1995. Proceedings of the Workshop on the GEOS-1 Five-Year Assimilation. NASA Technical Memorandum 104606, Vol. 7. Document (24028 kB).

Schubert, S. D., C. K. Park, C. Y. Wu, W. Higgins, Y. Kondratyeva, A. Molod, L. L. Takacs, M. Seablom, R. B. Rood, 1995. A Multiyear Assimilation with the GEOS-1 System: Overview and Results. NASA Technical Memorandum 104606, Vol. 6. Document (14369 kB).

Suarez, M., and L. L. Takacs, 1995. Documentation of the Aries-GEOS Dynamical Core: Version 2. NASA Technical Memorandum 104606, Vol. 5. Document (1667 kB).

Pfaendtner, J., S. Bloom, D. Lamich, M. Seablom, M. Sienkiewicz, J. Stobie, A. da Silva, 1995. Documentation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Data Assimilation System: Version 1. NASA Technical Memorandum 104606, Vol. 4. Document (2674 kB).

Chou, M.-D., M. J. Suarez, X.-Z. Liang, M. Yan, 1994. An Efficient Thermal Infrared Radiation Parameterization for Use in General Circulation Models. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 3. Document (2587 kB).

Li, Y., S. Moorthi, J. R. Bates, 1994. Direct Solution of the Implicit Formulation of Fourth Order Horizontal Diffusion for Gridpoint Models on the Sphere. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 2. Document (1876 kB).

Takacs, L., A. Molod, T. Wang, 1994. Documentation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) General Circulation Model: Version 1. Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation 104606, Vol. 1. Document (4320 kB).

GMAO OFFICE NOTES

GMAO Office Note No. 17 (Version 1.0): Knowland, K. Emma, 2019. File Specification for GEOS-CF Products  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 16 (Version 1.0): Nakada, K., 2018. S2S-2_1: File Specification  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 15 (Version 1.0): Collow, A., 2018. File Specification for M2AMIP Products  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 14 (Version 1.0): Putman, W., 2017. Overview of the GEOS Atmospheric Model and the Challenges of Using it at Exascale  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 13 (Version 1.0): Kimball, J.S., 2016. Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission L4_C Data Product Assessment (Version 2 Validated Release)  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 12 (Version 1.0): Reichle, R., 2016. Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission L4_SM Data Product Assessment (Version 2 Validated Release)  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 11 (Version 2.0): Glassy, J., 2016. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission Level 4 Carbon (L4_C) Product Specification Document  Document [PDF]. See also Version 1.9 (2015).

GMAO Office Note No. 10 (Version 1.5): Reichle, R. H., 2018. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission Level 4 Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture (L4_SM) Product Specification Document  Document [PDF]. See also Version 1.4 (2015).

GMAO Office Note No. 9 (Version 1.1): Bosilovich, M. G., 2015. MERRA-2: File Specification  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 8 (Version 1.0): Kouatchou, J., 2015. GEOS-5 Chemistry Transport Model User's Guide  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 7 (Version 1.0): da Silva, A. M., 2015. File Specification for the MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero)  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 6: da Silva, A.M., 2015. File Specification for the 7-km GEOS-5 Nature Run, Ganymed Release (Non-hydrostatic 7-km Global Mesoscale Simulation)  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 5 (Version 1.0): Putman, W., 2014. Model Configuration for the 7-km GEOS-5 Nature Run, Ganymed Release (Non-hydrostatic 7-km Global Mesoscale Simulation)  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 4: Lucchesi, R., 2013. File Specification for GEOS-5 FP (Forward Processing)  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 3: Reichle, R. H., 2012. The MERRA-Land Data Product (Version 1.2)  Document [PDF].

GMAO Office Note No. 2 (Version 1.4): Lucchesi, R., 2015. File Specification for GEOS-5 FP-IT (Forward Processing for Instrument Teams)  Document [PDF]. See also Version 1.2 (2013).

GMAO Office Note No. 1: Lucchesi, R., 2012. File Specification for MERRA Products (Version 2.3)  Document [PDF].

This is a repository of presentations from scientific conferences and workshops which list GMAO staff members as lead or co-authors. They summarize research in poster form and were displayed to share results with the conference participants. Please note that this collection is not comprehensive.

2018 POSTERS

☆ AGU 2018 Fall Meeting, Washington, D.C.    12/10/2018 - 12/14/2018

Arnold, Nathan, Impact of a cold pool parameterization on the diurnal cycle and intraseasonal variability in the GEOS AGCM

Barahona, Donifan, Seasonal Predictability of Cloud Droplet Number Concentration

Carvalho, David, An Assessment of NASA’s GMAO MERRA-2 Reanalysis Surface Winds

Collow, Allison, The Influence of Prescribed Boundary Conditions on Near-Surface Temperature Over the Arctic in the MERRA-2 Atmospheric Model

Coy, Lawrence, Sub-seasonal Forecasting of the Stratospheric Wave Events, Sudden Stratospheric Warmings, and their Influence on the Troposphere

Darmenov, Anton, Implementation of the University of Miami Wave model (UMWM) into the NASA/GMAO Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS)

DeAngelis, Anthony, Prediction skill of U.S. flash droughts in Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) model hindcasts

Dezfuli, Amin, Recent Rainfall Decline in West Africa Due to Enhanced Biomass Burning and Dust Emission

Ebrahimi, Hamideh, Impact Study of the Assimilation of Surface Sensitive Microwave Radiances in the GEOS

Girotto, Manuela, Data Assimilation of Terrestrial Water Storage to Adjust Precipitation Fluxes

Hackert, Eric, Impact of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on ENSO Predictions from the GMAO S2S Forecast System

Jin, Jianjun, Assimilating GCOM-W AMSR2 Radiance Data in Future GEOS Reanalyses

Lim, Young-Kwon, NASA GEOS Model for Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Predictions: The Major Teleconnections, Tropical Cyclone Activity, and ENSO

Mukherjee, Nikita, Mt. Pinatubo’s Impacts on the GEOS Forecasting System

Ott, Lesley, Toward integrated seasonal predictions of land and ocean carbon flux: lessons from the 2015-16 El Niño

Raman, Aishwarya, Sea-state based estimation of white cap fraction: Implications for primary marine aerosol fluxes

Reichle, Rolf, H51W-1661: Water Balance in the SMAP Level-4 Soil Moisture Algorithm

Salmun, Haydee, The Use of MERRA-2 Near Surface Meteorology to Understand the Behavior of Planetary Boundary Layer Heights Derived from Wind Profiler Data Over the US Great Plains

Saunders, Emily, NASA’s GEOS Composition Model Assessment of PM2.5 During Wildfires: Inferring the Impact of PM2.5 Exposure on Adverse Respiratory & Cardiovascular Conditions

Schubert, Siegfried, Regional Replay: A Unique Reanalysis-Based Tool for Addressing Model Error

Strobach, Ehud, Air-sea Interactions in a High-Resolution Ocean-atmosphere Simulation

Strobach, Ehud, Quantifying the Uncertainties in an Ensemble of Decadal Climate Predictions

Weir, Brad, Improving NASA GEOS atmospheric CO2 simulations by calibrating CASA surface with an empirical sink

☆ 9th International Workshop on Air Quality Forecasting Research (IWAQFR), Boulder    11/07/2018 - 11/09/2018

Keller, Christoph, Machine Learning Application to Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling

☆ Ocean Salinity Science Conference, Paris    11/06/2018 - 11/09/2018

Hackert, Eric, Impact of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on ENSO Predictions from the GMAO S2S Forecast System

☆ Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) 2018 General Assembly    10/01/2018 - 10/05/2018

Coy, Lawrence, Global Assimilation of Loon Stratospheric Balloon Observations

Pawson, Steven, The Stratospheric Warming of 2018 in the Context of the Earth System

Wargan, Krzysztof, Long-term Ozone Variability and Trends from Reanalyses

☆ 15th International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Science Conference, Takamatsu    09/25/2018 - 09/29/2018

Saunders, Emily, GEOS-CF Model Assessment of PM2.5 During Wildfires: Inferring the Impact of PM2.5 Exposure on Adverse Respiratory and Cardiovascular Conditions

☆ Second International Conference on Subseasonal to Decadal Prediction, Boulder    09/17/2018 - 09/21/2018

Achuthavarier, Deepthi, Prediction skill of the MGO teleconnection signals in the NASA GEOS subseasonal reforecasts

Hackert, Eric, Impact of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on ENSO Predictions from the GEOS GMAO S2S Forecast System

Molod, Andrea, GEOS S2S-2_1: The GMAO High Resolution Seasonal Prediction System

☆ ECMWF Workshop: Radiation in the next generation of weather forecast models, Reading     05/21/2018 - 05/24/2018

Norris, Peter, Lessons learned in GCM clear-sky LW flux validation

☆ Bridging Sustained Observations and Data Assimilation for TPOS 2020, Boulder    05/01/2018 - 05/03/2018

Hackert, Eric, Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Seasonal Predictions of the 2015 El Nino

☆ 33rd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Ponte Vedra    04/16/2018 - 04/20/2018

Lim, Young-Kwon, The Roles of Climate Change and Climate Variability in the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season

☆ EGU General Assembly 2018, Vienna    04/08/2018 - 04/13/2018

Strobach, Ehud, Comparison of MERRA-2 and ECCO-v4 ocean surface heat fluxes: Consequences of different forcing feedbacks on ocean circulation and implications for climate data assimilation

☆ SOLAS: Remote Sensing for Studying the Ocean-Atmosphere Interface, Potomac    03/13/2018 - 03/15/2018

Akella, Santha, Near-Real Time Ocean-Atmosphere Skin Temperature as part of NASA GMAO Atmospheric Data Assimilation System

Hackert, Eric, The Impact of Satellite Sea Surface Salinity for Prediction of the Coupled Indo-Pacific System

☆ AGU Ocean Science Meeting, Portland    02/11/2018 - 02/16/2018

Borovikov, Anna, GEOS-5 Seasonal Forecast System: ENSO Prediction Skill and Bias

Kovach, Robin, Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Seasonal Predictions of the 2015 El Nino

☆ AMS 2018, Austin    01/07/2018 - 01/11/2018

Achuthavarier, Deepthi, Prediction and Predictability of the Madden Julian Oscillation in the NASA GEOS-5 Seasonal-to-Subseasonal System

Borovikov, Anna, GEOS-5 Seasonal Forecast System: ENSO Prediction Skill and Bias

Chang, Yehui, A Realization of Bias Correction Method in the GMAO Coupled System

Draper, Clara, Observation error specification for near-surface soil moisture assimilation: does it matter?

Kim, Min-Jeong, Examining Dense Data Usage near the Regions with Severe Storms in All-Sky Microwave Radiance Data Assimilation and Impacts on GEOS Hurricane Analyses

Li, Zhao, Winter Precipitation in North America and the Pacific-North America pattern in GEOS-S2Sv2 Seasonal hindcast

Ott, Lesley, NASA's Carbon Cycle OSSE Initiative - Informing future space-based observing strategies through advanced modeling and data assimilation

Prive, Nikki, Performance and Evaluation of the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Observing System Simulation Experiment

Weir, Brad, Tracer transport differences: Challenges and implications for flux inversions

BOOKS

Wang, H., S. D. Schubert, and R. D. Koster 2017. North American Drought and Links to Northern Eurasia: The Role of Stationary Rossby Waves. In Patterns of Climate Extremes: Trends and Mechanisms. S. Wang, J. Yoon, C. Funk, R. Gillies, Eds. Wiley, 195-221. DOI: 10.1002/9781119068020.ch12.

De Lannoy, G. J. M., P. de Rosnay, and R. H. Reichle (2016), Soil Moisture Data Assimilation, in Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting, edited by Q. Duan, F. Pappenberger, J. Thielen, A. Wood, H. L. Cloke, and J. C. Schaake, Springer Verlag, 1-43, Springer Verlag, New York, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40457-3_32-1.

Bosilovich, M. G., J. Kennedy, D. Dee, R. Allan and A. O.Neill, 2013. On the Reprocessing and Reanalysis of Observations for Climate in Climate Science for Serving Society: Research, Model and Prediction Priorities. G. Asrar and J. Hurrell, Eds. Springer, 51-71. ISBN 978-94-007-6691-4.

Schubert, S. D., Y-K. Lim, 2013. Climate variability and weather extremes: model-simulated and historical data Chapter 9 in Extremes in a changing climate — detection, analysys & uncertainty. Eds. A. AghaKouchak, D. Easterling, K. Hsu, S. Schubert, S. Sorooshian, Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-4478-3

Cohn, S.E., 2010. The Principle of Energetic Consistency in Data Assimilation. Chapter 7 in Data Assimilation: Making Sense of Observations, Eds. W. Lahoz, B. Khattatov and R. Menard, Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1

Rood, R.B., M. G. Bosilovich, 2010. Reanalysis: Data Assimilation for Scientific Investigation of Climate, in Data Assimilation: Making sense of observations, Eds. W. A. Lahoz, B. Khattotov and R. Menard, Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1

Reichle, R. H., M. G. Bosilovich, W. T. Crow, R. D. Koster, S. V. Kumar, S. P. P. Mahanama, and B. F. Zaitchik, 2009. Recent Advances in Land Data Assimilation at the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Chapter 21 of Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Hydrologic Applications,ed. S.-K. Park, Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71056-1, Chapter 21

Cohn, S.E., 2008. Energetic Consistency and Coupling of the Mean and Covariance Dynamics. Chapter 16 in Handbook of Numerical Analysis, Vol. XIV, Ed. P.G. Ciarlet, Special Volume: Computational Methods for the Atmosphere and the Oceans, Guest Eds. R. Temam and J. Tribbia, Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-444-51893-4

CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

Reichle, R., G. De Lannoy, Q. Liu, and J. Ardizzone, 2016. SMAP Data Assimilation at the GMAO. Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) Quarterly, 53. Link to Published Version.

Zeng, X., S. Acherman, R.D. Ferraro, J.J. Murray, S. Pawson, C. Reynolds, and J. Teixiera, 2015. Workshop Report on Scientific Challenges and Opportunities in the NASA Weather Focus Area. NASA Weather Focus Area Workshop, April 2015. Link to Published Version.

Bosilovich, M. G., M. Rixen, P. van Oevelen, G. Asrar, G. Compo, K. Onogi, A. Simmons, K. Trenberth, D. Behringer, T. Hossain Bhuiyan, S. Capps, A. Chaudhuri, J. Chen, L. Chen, N. Colasacco-Thumm, M. G. Escobar, C. R. Ferguson, T. Ishibashi, M. L. R. Liberato, J. Meng, A. Molod, and co-authors, 2012. Report of the 4th World Climate Research Programme International Conference on Reanalyses. 4th World Climate Research Programme International Conference on Reanalyses, Silver Spring, Maryland, 7-11 May 2012. Link to Published Version.

Schubert, S.D., I.-S. Kang, F. Kucharski, and J. Shukla, 2009. Summary Report of the Workshop on High-Resolution Climate Modeling.. Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy, 10-14 August 2009. Document (161 kb)

Schubert, S., D. Dee, S. Uppala, J. Woollen, J. Bates, and S. Worley, 2006. Report of the Workshop on "The Development of Improved Observational Data Sets for Reanalysis: Lessons Learned and Future Directions". University of Maryland Conference Center, College Park, MD, 28-29 September 2005. Document (236 kb)

Schubert, S., 2005. Summary Report of the Workshop on: Observational and Modeling Requirements for Predicting Drought on Seasonal to Decadal Time Scales. University of Maryland Inn and Conference Center, Adelphi, MD, 17-19 May 2005. Document (229 kb)