Begin Main Content

References

Arakawa, A., and M.J. Suarez, 1983: Vertical differencing of the primitive equations in sigma coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 34-45.

Bacmeister, J. T., and M. J. Suarez, 2002: Wind stress simulations and the equatorial momentum budget in an AGCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3051-3073

Bacmeister, J., P.J. Pegion, S.D. Schubert, and M.J. Suarez, 2000: Atlas of Seasonal Means Simulated by the NSIPP 1 Atmospheric GCM. NASA/TM-2000-104606, Vol. 17.

Chou, M.-D., and M.J. Suarez, 1994: An efficient thermal infrared radiation parameterization for use in general circulation models. NASA/TM-104606, Vol. 10, 84pp.

Chou, M.-D., and M.J. Suarez, 1999: An solar radiation parameterization for atmospheric studies. NASA/TM-104606, Vol. 11, 44pp.

Hakkinen, S. and G.L. Mellor, 1992: Modeling the Seasonal Variability of a Coupled Artic Ice-Ocean System. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20,285-20,304.

Koster, R. D., and M. J. Suarez 1992: Modeling the land surface boundary in climate models as a composite of independent vegetation stands. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2697-2715.

Koster, R. D., and M. J. Suarez 1996: Energy and Water Balance Calculations in the Mosaic LSM. NASA/TM-104606, Vol. 9.

Levitus, S., R. Burgett, T. Boyer, 1994: World Ocean Atlas 1994. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 3, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 99 pp.

Louis, J. , M. Tiedtke, and J. Geleyn, 1982: A short history of the PBL parameterization at ECMWF. Proc. ECMWF Workshop on Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 59-80.

Moorthi, S., and M.J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: a parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.

Pegion, P.J., S.D. Schubert, and M.J. Suarez, 2000: An Assessment of the Predictability of Northern Winter Seasonal Means with the NSIPP 1 AGCM, NASA/TM-2000-104606, Vol. 18.

Sadourny, R., 1975: The dynamics of finite difference models of the shallow water equations, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 680-689.

Schopf, P. S., and A. Loughe, 1995: A reduced-gravity isopycnal model: Hindcast of El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2839-2863.

Slingo, J.M., 1987: The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 113, 899-927.

Sterl, A., and A. Kattenberg, 1994: Embedding a mixed layer model into an ocean general circulation model of the Atlantic: The importance of surface mixing for heat flux and temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14.139-14,157.

Suarez, M.J., and L.L. Takacs, 1995: Documentation of the Aries/GEOS dynamical core, Version 2. NASA/TM-104606, Vol. 5, 58pp.

Sud, Y., and A. Molod, 1988: The roles of dry convection, cloud-radiation feedback processes and the influence of recent improvements in the parameterization in the GLA GCM. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2366-2387.

Takacs, L.L., and M.J. Suarez, 1996: Dynamical aspects of climate simulations using the GEOS GCM. NASA/TM-104606, Vol. 10, 56pp.

Vintzileos, A., and R. Sadourny, 1997: A general interface between an atmospheric general circulation model and underlying ocean and land surface models: Delocalized physics scheme. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 926-941.

Wood, E.F., and 28 others, 1998: The project for the intercomparison of land-surface parameterization schemes (PILPS) phase 2(c) Red Arkansas river basin experiment, 1, Experiment description and summary intercomparisons. J. Global and Planetary Change, 19, 115-135.

Yang, S., K. Lau and P. Schopf, 1999: Sensitivity of the tropical Pacific Ocean to precipitation induced freshwater flux. Clim. Dyn., 15, 737-750.

Zhou, J., Y.C. Sud, and K.M. Lau, 1996: Impact of orographically induced gravity wave drag in the GLA GCM. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 903-927.